Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, SPJIMR, IIT Bombay, SBM NMIMS, The National Institute of Industrial Engineering, and other prestigious MBA institutions are in Mumbai. More than 120 MBA institutions are in Mumbai, frequently known as the "City of Dreams" or the "Finance Capital of India." Of these, 110 are private, and 11 are government-run MBA schools. In Mumbai, roughly 57 MBA programs have received AICTE and 17 UGC approvals. In this article, we will see more details about the top MBA college in Mumbai.
The S. P. Jain Institute of Management & Research, The National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Mumbai, and the Indian Institute of Technology - [IIT] Bombay are ranked 10, 12, and 19 by NIRF Rankings.
The CAT entrance exam determines admission to the top MBA colleges in Mumbai. The marks from other management entrance exams, like the CMAT, NMAT, MAT, XAT, MAH CET, ATMA, and the GMAT and GRE, are also accepted by many universities.
According to the colleges, the typical annual tuition for MBA/PGDM programs at the best MBA colleges in Mumbai may vary from Rs to Rs 30,00,000 per year.
K. C. College of Management Studies is one of the best MBA schools in Mumbai, with costs under INR 60,000.
The top MBA college in Mumbai gives placement possibilities with high salaries and excellent returns on investment. The typical CTC ranges from Rs 18 LPA to Thirty rupee LPA.
Some leading businesses that engage in the placement drives provided by the top MBA college in Mumbai are HCL, Amazon, Accenture, HDFC, and Axis Bank.
The best institutions in Mumbai for an MBA in Finance include SPJIMR Mumbai, SJMSOM Mumbai, & SBM NMIMS Mumbai, which are all ranked among Mumbai"s top 10 MBA schools.
Best 10 MBA schools in Mumbai
There are approximately 126 MBA institutes in Mumbai. Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management at IIT Bombay is the top MBA college in Mumbai, which offers 172+ seats for MBA and PGDM programs. The Institute provides an MBA and a Bachelor of Technology + MBA program with 152+ and 20+ available seats, respectively. Mumbai"s top 10 MBA schools with the most MBA/PDM seats are listed below.
| College/ University Name | MBA/PGDM Seat Intake |
| Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, IIT Bombay, Mumbai | 172+ |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Mumbai | 398+ |
| S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai | 540+ |
| NMIMS School of Business Management, Mumbai | 1260+ |
| Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai | 15650+ |
| K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai | 960+ |
| Universal Business School, Mumbai | 800+ |
| Amity University, Mumbai | - |
| N.L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai | 360+ |
| Vivekanand Business School (VBS), Mumbai | 180+ |
Mumbai"s top 10 government MBA schools
The table below includes the top MBA college in Mumbai’s list with its Average Annual Fees Average Annual Fees.
| Name of the College | Average Annual Fees |
| Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, IIT Bombay - [SJMSOM], Mumbai | INR 4,91,000 |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering - [NITIE], Mumbai | INR 7,03,000 |
| IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITB], Mumbai | INR 50,000 |
| Mumbai University - [MU], Mumbai | INR 55,000 |
| Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women"s University - [SNDT], Mumbai | INR 1,00,905 |
| Hansraj Jivandas College of Education, Mumbai | INR 6,600 |
| Vikas Night College of Arts Science and Commerce, Mumbai | - |
| Sasmira The Synthetic and Art Silk Mills Research Association - [SASMIRA], Mumbai | INR 1,99,000 |
| Institute of Distance & Open Learning | INR 17,625 (Total Fees) |
| National Institute of Securities Market | INR 3,10,000 |
The top MBA college in Mumbai
Ranking Every year, several organizations publish rankings of the best universities in India. These organizations publish a variety of lists, including Top MBA Institutions in India and Top Master of Technology Colleges in India. These lists are also made public for other Indian cities and states based on criteria such as how students think of the college, job opportunities, teacher-student ratio, etc.
Top Indian organizations that publish such rankings are the National Institutional Ranking India Today, Economic Times, etc.
Mumbai"s Top MBA Colleges by NIRF Ranking
The Ministry of Education, Government of India, oversees NIRF, the country"s top-ranking organization. It publishes ranking tables broken down into 8 categories for various colleges in India. A college"s ranking by NIRF is based on a number of factors, including teaching and job placement.According to the NIRF ranking, the college is the top MBA school of the National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Mumbai. The national ranking organization has placed the institute at number nine in India.
With an NIRF score of 11, the college, the Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management at IIT Bombay, is one of the privately owned the top MBA colleges in Mumbai.
Rank 25 was scored by The Pravin Dalal School of Entrepreneurship and Family Business Management at NMIMS University, just ahead of SPJIMR Mumbai, which is placed 21.
Amity University Mumbai, K J Somaiya Institute of Management, and Welingkar Institute of Management are some of the other colleges in Mumbai that NIRF has ranked.
The table below includes the top MBA colleges in Mumbai according to NIRF Ranking.
| NIRF Ranking 2022 | College Name | NIRF Score |
| 9 | National Institute of Industrial Engineering | 68.84 |
| 11 | Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, IIT Bombay | 66.24 |
| 21 | SPJIMR - S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research | 59.51 |
| 25 | Pravin Dalal School of Entrepreneurship and Family Business Management, NMIMS University, Mumbai | 58.14 |
| 68 | Welingkar Institute of Management | 46.76 |
| 71 | K J Somaiya Institute of Management | 46.31 |
| 102 - 125 | Amity University, Mumbai | - |
Top MBA Schools in Mumbai According to The Times
The Times is the third-biggest magazine in India by distribution and is an English-language daily. One of the top-selling English-language daily newspapers worldwide is this one. A list of the top engineering schools in India has been compiled by Optimal Media Solutions - The Times & Avance India.
According to a ranking by The Times, the best MBA programme in Mumbai is offered at the K.J. Somaiya Institute of Management. The Times provide the list about the top MBA college in Mumbai.
| The Times Ranking 2022 | College Name |
| 7 | K.J. Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai |
| 22 | SIES Management Institutes, Navi Mumbai |
| 23 | N.L Dalmia Institute of Management Studies And Research, Mumbai |
| 26 | Universal Business School, Mumbai |
| 28 | Institute For Technology And Management, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai |
| 28 | MET Institute of Management, Bandra West, Mumbai |
| 35 | Amity Business School, Amity University, Mumbai |
| 36 | Durgadevi Saraf Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai |
| 55 | Aditya Institute of Management Studies And Research, Mumbai |
| 63 | Kohinoor Business School, Mumbai |
| 69 | D Y Patil (Deemed To Be University) School of Management, Navi Mumbai |
| 69 | Oriental Institute of Management, Navi Mumbai |
| 74 | Lala Lajpatrai Institute of Management, Mumbai |
| 82 | Vivekanand Education Society’s Business School, Mumbai |
| 82 | GNVS Institute of Management, GTB Nagar, Mumbai |
| 84 | Sasmira"s Institute of Management Studies And Research, Mumbai |
| 119 | Vivekanand Education Society’s Institute of Management Studies And Research, Mumbai |
| 145 | Indira Institute of Business Management, Navi Mumbai |
Top MBA Institutions in Mumbai, according to India Today
The top English daily news publication in India is called India Today. Each week, Living Media India Limited publishes one of India"s most widely read newspapers. India Today collaborates with The Marketing and Development Research Associates (MDRA), a Delhi-based marketing and research business, to conduct a poll on college rankings. In categories including Sciences, Arts, Commerce and Industry, Management, Engineering, etc., it ranked Indian colleges.
The best MBA school in Mumbai, according to India Today"s ranking, is SPJIMR Mumbai, which is placed fourth. NMIMS Mumbai is ranked ninth.. India Today provide the list about the top MBA college in Mumbai.
NITIE Mumbai, which wasn"t on the list the previous year, is currently ranked 11th in India.
SIMSREE Mumbai at position 80, and KJ SIMSR Mumbai at position 25, respectively. L N Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research is in 39th place,
IES Management College and Research Centre is still in position 144, although it has improved significantly by 24 spots.
Atharva Institute of Management Studies & N L Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research are some of the top colleges in Mumbai.
| College Name | India Today Ranking 2022 |
| SP Jain Institute of Management and Research (SPJIMR) | 4 |
| Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) | 9 |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) | 11 |
| K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research (KJ SIMSR) | 25 |
| L N Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research | 33 |
| Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research, and Entrepreneurship Education (SIMSREE) | 39 |
| N L Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research | 80 |
| Universal Business School | 86 |
| IES Management College and Research Center | 144 |
| Atharva Institute of Management Studies | 171 |
Top MBA Colleges with Fees in Mumbai
The average cost of an MBA education at one of Mumbai"s leading universities for business administration is between INR 50,000 and INR 23 lakhs. The list includes the top MBA colleges in Mumbai and their average annual fees.
| College/ University Name | Average Annual fees |
| Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, IIT Bombay, Mumbai | INR 4,91,000 |
| S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai | INR 20,42,000 (Total Fees) |
| Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies -[JBIMS], Mumbai | INR 3,50,000 |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai | INR 7,03,000 |
| NMIMS School of Business Management, Mumbai | INR 71,000 |
| Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai | INR 6,50,000 |
| Jagdish Sheth School of Management - [JAGSOM], Mumbai | INR 22,40,000 (Total Fees) |
| K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai | INR 9,59,000 |
| Vivekanand Business School - [VBS], Mumbai | INR 4,50,000 |
| SIES School of Business Studies - [SIES SBS], Mumbai | INR 4,50,000 |
Best MBA Schools in Mumbai with Affordable Fees
The average annual tuition for MBA programmes at the best MBA schools in Mumbai may vary from INR 55,000 to 23 Lakhs. The best MBA schools in Mumbai with affordable tuition are listed below:
| College/ University Name | Average Annual fees |
| Indian School of Management & Studies - [ISMS], Mumbai | INR 44,900 (Total Fees) |
| Mumbai University - [MU], Mumbai | INR 50,000 (Total Fees) |
| K. J. Somaiya Comprehensive College of Education Training and Research - [KJSCE], Mumbai | INR 39,390 |
| Garware Institute of Career Education and Development - [GICED] | INR 71,000 |
| Indian Institute of Business Management and Studies - [IIBMS], Mumbai | INR 42,800 (Total Fees) |
| K. C. College of Management Studies - [KCCMS], Mumbai | INR 45,000 (Total Fees) |
| Kaizen School of Business Management - [KSBM], Mumbai | INR 39,900 (Total Fees) |
| Savitribai Phule Pune University - [SPPU], Mumbai | INR 18,500 (Total Fees) |
| Zenith Institute of Business Management - [ZIBM], Mumbai | INR 61,000 (Total Fees) |
| National Academy of Management Studies - [NAMS], Mumbai | INR 25,000 (Total Fees) |
Mumbai"s Top MBA Colleges: Return on Investment
Return on Investment, or ROI, measures the profitability of enrolling in a specific course at a specific college. Some of Mumbai"s best private MBA schools in terms of return on investment are listed below.
| Name of the College | Course Fee (in INR) | Average Annual Package (In INR) |
| Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, IIT Bombay | 8,67,000 | 21,96,000 |
| Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research - Online Distance Learning Center | 17,250 | 8,61,000 |
| SPJIMR, Mumbai | 17,50,000 | 19,50,000 |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering | 12,53,000 | 10,88,000 |
| Pravin Dalal School of Entrepreneurship and Family Business Management, NMIMS University, Mumbai | 20,87,000 | 15,00,000 |
Best MBA schools in Mumbai Cutoff
College admission is based on various factors, including entrance tests and merit lists. The majority of institutions in Mumbai take MAT results in addition to CAT and CMAT for admission. Some of the best MBA schools in Mumbai are listed here, along with their entrance requirements.
| College/ University Name | Cutoff Details |
| Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, IIT Bombay, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| NMIMS School of Business Management, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| SIES School of Business Studies - [SIES SBS], Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| Amity University, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| N.L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
| Vivekanand Business School (VBS), Mumbai | Check Cutoff |
Best MBA Schools in Mumbai: 2023 Admissions
Around 127 schools are offering MBA programs in Mumbai, 110 of which are privately owned and 11 of which are government-run.
The following steps are included in Mumbai MBA colleges" admission procedures:
Academic requirements for admission to an MBA in Mumbai include a minimum of three years of undergraduate study and a minimum of 50% in any subject.
The candidate must take one of the permitted MBA entrance exams and apply for admission to the desired institution. For instance, SPJIMR, NITIE, and IIT Bombay only accept CAT scores; NMIMS accepts NMAT scores; JBIMS and SIMSREE accept MAH CET scores for Maharashtra State candidates; and CAT, XAT, CMAT, and MAH CET scores for candidates in the all-India category.
You will be shortlisted based on your academic standing, employment history, and MBA admission exam results.
The DTE CAP round will be used for the MBA admissions process at JBIMS, SIMSREE, and other business schools linked with universities.
Mumbai MBA Schools Taking Top Entrance Exams
So, which Mumbai colleges accept the most common MBA examinations, and which ones have the highest cutoffs? Below are the answers to all of these questions. Some MBA universities solely take the CAT and XAT, whereas other MBA colleges additionally accept the CMAT, MAT, and ATMA. Additionally, the cutoff scores for MBA universities" shortlisting for admission range from 60 % to 99 % on various entrance exams, including the GMAT, ATMA, CMAT, CAT, MAT, and XAT.
| MBA college in Mumbai | Exam Accepted | Cut off & Admission Process |
| SPJIMR, Mumbai | CAT | 95-96; Check Process |
| SJMSoM-IIT Bombay | CAT | 95-97; Check Process |
| JBIMS Mumbai | MAH CET, CAT, CMAT | 97-98; Check Process |
| Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) Mumbai | TISSNET | 94-95; Check Process |
| NITIE Mumbai | CAT | 95-97; Check Process |
| BITS School of Management – BITSOM, Mumbai | CAT/GMAT/GRE | 85-90; Check Process |
| NMIMS, Mumbai | NMAT | 93-95; Check Process |
| IIM Nagpur | CAT | 93-95; Check Process |
| SDA Bocconi Asia Center Mumbai | Bocconi Test, CAT, NMAT | 75-80; Check Process |
| SIMSREE Mumbai | MAH CET, CAT, CMAT | 91-94; Check Process |
| K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai | CAT, XAT, CMAT, NMAT | 85-90; Check Process |
| Prin L N Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research | CAT, XAT, CMAT, ATMA | 75-80; Check Process |
| IMT Nagpur | CAT/XAT/CMAT | 80-85; Check Process |
| SIES Navi Mumbai | CAT, XAT, CMAT, MAH CET, MAT, ATMA | 75-80; Check Process |
| ITM Navi Mumbai | CAT, XAT, CMAT, GMAT, MAT, ATMA, MAH CET, NMAT | 75-80; Check Process |
| N. L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai | CAT, XAT, MHCET, CMAT, ATMA, MAT | 70-75; Check Process |
| MET Mumbai | CAT, XAT, CMAT, MAH CET, MAT, ATMA | 70-75; Check Process |
| ATLAS SkillTech University Mumbai | CAT, XAT, CMAT, MAH CET, MAT, NMAT, ATMA | 65-70; Check Process |
| Kohinoor Business School, Mumbai | CAT, XAT, CMAT, MAH CET, MAT, ATMA | 65-70; Check Process |
| Vivekanand Business School (VBS) | CAT, XAT, CMAT, MAH CET, MAT, ATMA | 70-75; Check Process |
| IBS Mumbai: ICFAI Business school | IBSAT, CAT, NMAT | 70-75; Check Process |
| IES Management College And Research Centre, Mumbai | CAT, XAT, ATMA, CMAT, MH-CET, MAT | 70-75; Check Process |
| Chetana’s Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai | CAT, XAT, ATMA, CMAT, MH-CET, MAT | 70-75; Check Process |
| DSIMS Mumbai | CAT/XAT/ ATMA/ CMAT/MAH-CET/MAT | 70-75; Check Process |
| Aditya School of Busines Management - ASBM Mumbai | CAT/XAT/ATMA/CMAT/MAH-CET/MAT | 70-75; Check Process |
| Guru Nanak Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai | CAT/XAT/ATMA/CMAT/MAH-CET/MAT | 70-75; Check Process |
Delhi MBA colleges embracing the CAT, XAT, CMAT, MAT, and NMAT
The most well-known National MBA exams accepted by MBA/PGDM institutions in Mumbai are listed below in detail.
MBA Institutions in Mumbai that Accept CAT, XAT, and NMAT The CAT & XAT exams are used to select students for admission to Mumbai"s top MBA/PGDM degrees.
One of the greatest MBA institutions in Mumbai, SPJIMR Mumbai is a student favorite. It accepts just CAT exam scores and is on par with the best IIMs. The best independent MBA college at Mumbai University that accepts the CAT score is (JBIMS)Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, which has a low tuition charge, a large alumni network, and great placement rates. JBIMS requires a CAT score of 95+ percentile!
K J Somaiya Institute of Management accepts all exams like XAT, CAT, and NMAT. Other reputable MBA schools in Mumbai that recognize the CAT and XAT score include SIMSREE, SIES, and SDA Bocconi.
Only NMAT by GMAC scores are accepted by the School of Business Management at the (NMIMS)Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, while CAT or XAT scores are not accepted.
MBA schools in Mumbai that take the MAT and CMAT
Do not be concerned if your CAT or as XAT score is low. The majority of MBA programmes in Mumbai, including those at the (GNIMS), Welingkar, Chetana"s Institute of Management and Research, SIES, IES MCRC, ITM Navi, VESIM, and BVIMSR, offer admissions based on the results of the CAT, XAT, CMAT/MAT, or both CMAT and MAT exams. You stand a fair chance if your CMAT or MAT score is between the 70th and 90th percentile.
MBA Institutions in Mumbai Supporting MAHCET; Cut Offs
The MBA/MMS curriculum, a two-year full-time MBA degree with a cheap cost and strong return on investment, is offered by more than 330 MBA institutions in Mumbai and the rest of Maharashtra based on the results of the state-level MBA CET exam, which the Maharashtra government administers. A low-cost management programme with a good return on investment is the MMS as well as MBA in Mumbai with government advice. The MH CET exam result is also accepted for admission by prestigious MBA institutes as
- JBIMS Mumbai,
- SIMSREE Mumbai,
- K J Somaiya Institute of Management Mumbai,
- DSIMS Mumbai,
- SIES Mumbai,
- IES MCRC Mumbai,
- ITM Navi Mumbai, and
- VESIM Mumbai.
Top MBA Schools in Mumbai, Sorted by Placements
Top MBA institutions in Mumbai postings have much to offer because the city is home to some of the most prestigious management institutes.
Every year, an average MBA institution in Mumbai receives more than 120 employment offers.
This year, more than 180 recruiters visited the NMIMS Mumbai campus.
The typical CTC offered at these institutions is still between 12 and 15 lakh INR.
Popular recruiters in these institutes include
| Kotak Mahindra Group | Boston Consulting Group | Bajaj Auto |
| PricewaterhouseCoopers | Barclays Capital | Bharati Airtel |
| Reserve Bank of India | Bloomberg | L’Oreal Paris |
| National Stock Exchange | Bank of America | IBM |
| UBS | Godrej | Hindustan Unilever |
FAQs
- What is the typical salary following an MBA?
The annual pay for different MBA programmes in India varies between Rs 7,00,000 to Rs 12,00,000. According to Payscale, the median MBA income in India in 2021 was INR 7,71,801. One of the best-paying postgraduate programmes is the MBA.
- What is the starting pay for an MBA in Mumbai?
In Mumbai, the typical annual income for an MBA Fresher is 13,01,052. The three figures a Mumbai-based MBA Fresher employee anonymously submitted to Glassdoor as the basis for their salary projections. What is the Mumbai-based MBA Fresher"s highest salary? In Mumbai, the maximum annual pay for an MBA Fresher is 37,94,110 rupees.
- What is the starting pay for an MBA in Mumbai?
In Mumbai, the typical annual income for an MBA Fresher is 13,01,052. A Mumbai-based MBA Fresher employee anonymously submitted the three figures to Glassdoor as the basis for their salary projections.
- What is the Mumbai-based MBA Fresher"s highest salary?
Mumbai, the maximum annual pay for an MBA Fresher is 37,94,110 rupees.
- Do Mumbai colleges offer internship opportunities?
Yes, internship opportunities are offered by Mumbai"s MBA colleges.
- Which Mumbai MBA school is the best?
With an NIRF Rank of 9, NITIE is the best MBA school in Mumbai as of 2023.
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Highest Package: 12 LPA
College Fees:₹ 675000- PGPM-₹ 6.75 (1st Year Fees)
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AIU, Highest Package: 13 LPA
College Fees:₹ ₹5.45 LAKHS
NAAC, Highest Package: 23 LPA
College Fees:₹ ₹ 3,60,000- BBA-₹2.04 Lacs (1st Year Fees)
- MBA-₹3.60 Lacs (1st Year Fees)
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UGC, Highest Package: 12 LPA
College Fees:₹- B.Des-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- [B.Sc]-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BM-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BBA-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BBA-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BBA-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BBA + MBA-₹ 2.10 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BE-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- B.Tech-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- BBALLB-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- LLM-₹ 4 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
- MBA-₹ 7.97 Lac (1st Yr Fees)
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AICTE, NAAC, Highest Package: 16 LPA
College Fees:₹ 4.09 L_1837.png)
NAAC, Highest Package: 12 LPA
College Fees:₹ ₹ 2,44,978- MMS-₹ 2.44 Lacs (1st Year Fees)
- MBA-₹ 69k (1st Year Fees)
- Check Course Fee
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Highest Package: 0 LPA
College Fees:₹ 82100- BDS-₹6.4k (1st Year Fees)
- MDS-₹78k (1st Year Fees)
- Check Course Fee
NAAC, UGC, Highest Package: 17 LPA
College Fees:₹ 92250Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
